Cultural and linguistic factors can bias screening; how can clinicians mitigate these effects?

• A. They do not affect screening at all.
• B. They bias items and normative comparisons; mitigate by using culturally validated tools, translations with back-translation, and interpreters; consider cultural context.
• C. They only affect language translation accuracy.
• D. They are irrelevant if the test is age-appropriate.

Answer: (B)